1. 理解贫困

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  • Lending for higher education : an analysis of World Bank investment 1963-1991 (英语)

    World Bank support for higher education grew from an average of 17% of lending for education between 1963 and 1970 to 37% of lending since 1986. Although higher education's share fell from 43% in the early...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 11399 文件日期: 1992年10月31日 披露方式: 作者: Eisemon, Thomas Owen,Population and Human Resources Department

  • A framework for costing tests in third world settings (英语)

    This paper outlines a framework for costing tests. The approach is to outline the processes and procedures involved constructing, administering, scoring and reporting high-quality tests. The framework...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 11400 文件日期: 1992年10月31日 披露方式: 作者: Population and Human Resources Department,Ilon, Lynn

  • Secondary education in developing countries : annotated bibliography (英语)

    This annotated bibliography features recent books, articles and unpublished papers that were consulted in connection with the preparation of a general background paper entitled "Secondary Education in...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 11312 文件日期: 1992年9月30日 披露方式: 作者: Clarke,Prema,Forlemu, Brunhilda,Stansbery, Pablo,Population and Human Resources Department

  • Challenges to the planning of education (英语)

    Priorities for educational development have evolved markedly in recent years. The themes that currently dominate the agenda are: quality improvement; resource diversification; decentralization; decentralization...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 10994 文件日期: 1992年6月30日 披露方式: 作者: Verspoor,Adriaan M.,Population and Human Resources Department

  • Human resource development and economic growth : Ghana in the next two decades (英语)

    Human resources are a country's wealth, and it is people that make economies grow. A longstanding commitment to education and health has been key to economic growth and development in countries worldwide...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 10993 文件日期: 1992年6月30日 披露方式: 作者: King,Elizabeth M.,Glewwe,Paul W.,Alberts,Wim H.,Population and Human Resources Department

  • World Bank support for capacity building : the challenge of educational assessment (英语)

    This paper examines the challenge of developing educational assessments. It defines and describes educational assessments and attempts to provide insight into building assessment and educational research...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 10771 文件日期: 1992年5月31日 披露方式: 作者: Lockheed,Marlaine E.,Population and Human Resources Department

  • Language issues in scientific training and research in developing countries (英语)

    Language policies affecting scientific education and research have important implications for educational efficiency and effectiveness. An analysis of the role of European and other languages in science...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 10537 文件日期: 1992年1月31日 披露方式: 作者: Eisemon, Thomas Owen,Population and Human Resources Department

  • Multi-dimensional evaluation : measures for both right and left sides of the equation (英语)

    Monitoring educational progress requires data on both student learning and determinants of achievement. It also requires measures of learning achievement that can provide information on trends over time...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 10598 文件日期: 1991年12月31日 披露方式: 作者: Lockheed,Marlaine E.,Population and Human Resources Department

  • Perspectives on the financing of higher education (英语)

    This paper looks at the challenge faced by higher education systems in developing countries in terms of their capacity to meet the economy's needs for scientific training and research. It explores various...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 10539 文件日期: 1991年12月31日 披露方式: 作者: Salmi,Jamil,Population and Human Resources Department

  • Annual operational review : fiscal 1991 education and training (英语)

    The World Bank is today the leading development agency in the education and training sector. It has tripled funding for the sector since the mid-eighties, serves as an important source of analytical and...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 10533 文件日期: 1991年12月31日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Population and Human Resources Department

  • Adjustment lending and the education sector : the Bank's experience (英语)

    The Bank has managed economic restructuring programs since the early 1980s. These are designed to increase output, employment, and the standard of living by removing rigidities and improving the efficiency...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 10567 文件日期: 1991年11月30日 披露方式: 作者: Stevenson, Gail,Population and Human Resources Department

  • Data collection strategies and methods for monitoring student flows (英语)

    This paper examines five methods used to collect or estimate the information needed to monitor the flow of a cohort of students through a cycle of education. Two of these five methods -- the True Pupil...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 10566 文件日期: 1991年11月30日 披露方式: 作者: Cuadra,Ernesto Pancracio,Population and Human Resources Department

  • Women's education in developing countries : barriers, benefits and policy (英语)

    This collection of papers compiles more recent data on the status of women's education in the developing world, organized by region, and links this information to development indicators, including income...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 10565 文件日期: 1991年9月30日 披露方式: 作者: King,Elizabeth M.,Hill, M. Anne [editors],Population and Human Resources Department

  • An introduction to the analysis of student enrollment and flows statistics (英语)

    The main purpose of this paper is to review : a) definitions, interpretations, data needs, and pitfalls in using enrollment ratios and student flow rates (intake, promotion, repetition, dropout and graduation...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 10538 文件日期: 1991年6月30日 披露方式: 作者: Fredriksen,Birger J.,Population and Human Resources Department

  • The higher education crisis in developing countries (英语)

    This paper looks at the current higher education crisis in developing countries and discusses how problems are analyzed and decisions made in the context of higher education reform. It focuses in particular...

    文件类型: 工作文件（编号系列） 报告号: 10601 文件日期: 1991年5月31日 披露方式: 作者: Salmi,Jamil,Population and Human Resources Department