Does higher import competition increase formalization and aggregate productivity? Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation from Chinese imports, we provide empirical causal evidence that higher imports...
In Iraq, like many countries around the world, the informal sector is a major contributor to employment and business activity. The Iraq Labor Force Survey (LFS) of 2021 estimated that more than half of...
This report includes: benefits of digitalization, challenges for enterprises, and where to start; problem definition for SMEs; overview of international experience for supporting enterprise digitalization;...
The objective of the Enhancing Economic Opportunities For Rural Women Project is to increase economic opportunities for vulnerable rural women in the project areas through skills development and improved...