1. 理解贫困

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  • Adequacy (1) Pension entitlements, replacement rates and pension wealth (英语)

    This note briefly sets out a methodology for calculating prospective pension entitlements promised in the future to today’s workers. This method can (and has been) applied to a wide range of countries...

    文件类型: 简介 报告号: 70349 文件日期: 2012年1月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Whitehouse,Edward R.

  • Pension indicators : reliable statistics to improve pension policymaking (英语)

    This introductory note updates the Bank's database on pensions, that was first established in the early 1990s to inform the research analysis on averting the old age crisis, and formulating policies to...

    文件类型: 简介 报告号: 70347 文件日期: 2012年1月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Whitehouse,Edward R.

  • Coverage : how much of the labor force is covered by the pension system? (英语)

    This briefing note looks at issues in the measurement of coverage by the formal pension system of people of working age. It is the second in a series describing the World Bank's Pension Reform Indicators...

    文件类型: 工作文件 报告号: 70348 文件日期: 2012年1月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Romero Robayo,Carolina,Palacios,Robert J.,Pallares-Miralles,Montserrat,Whitehouse,Edward R.

  • Adequacy (2) : Pension entitlements of recent retirees (英语)

    This note discusses how expected benefit levels can be assessed. The note points out the measurement of current benefit levels that are observable: they do not depend on any assumptions about the future...

    文件类型: 简介 报告号: 70350 文件日期: 2012年1月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Zviniene,Asta,Whitehouse,Edward R.

  • Administrative efficiency : Assessing the cost of running public pension systems (英语)

    The cost of administering public pensions matters because it must ultimately be paid by individuals, either as taxpayers or through lower benefits. High costs are a sign of administrative efficiency. A...

    文件类型: 简介 报告号: 70353 文件日期: 2010年1月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Palacios,Robert J.,Sluchynsky,Olegskiy,Whitehouse,Edward R.

  • Security : Risk and uncertainty in retirement-income systems (英语)

    The recent financial crisis means that investment risk is at the forefront of the minds of the public and policymakers alike. But there is a range of risks and uncertainties in pension systems. At the...

    文件类型: 简介 报告号: 70354 文件日期: 2010年1月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Whitehouse,Edward R.