This study was jointly undertaken by the Climate Change and Health Promotion Unit of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and...
This brief summarizes the results of a gender impact evaluation study, entitled Community programs and women's participation : the Chinese experience, conducted in 1993 in China. The study observed the...
Global climate change is predicted to adversely affect agriculture, which provides the principle source of income for the world’s poor populations. A large body of country-level studies have confirmed...
Scaling-up adoption of renewable energy technology-such as solar home systems (SHS)-to expand electricity access in developing countries can accelerate the transition to low-carbon economic development...
Scaling-up adoption of renewable energy technology, such as solar home systems, to expand electricity access in developing countries can accelerate the transition to low-carbon economic development. Using...
The main objective of this report is to strengthen understanding of climate-related risks and impacts in coastal megacities in developing countries using case studies of three cities that are different...
This study focuses on the human cost by analyzing the prevalence of diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI), as well as under nutrition, in children under the age of three. Malaria, an important...
Extreme weather events are known to have serious consequences for human health and are predicted to increase in frequency as a result of climate change. Africa is one of the regions that risks being most...
社区自然资源管理是纳米比亚采取的一项保护和以可持续方式利用生物多样性和野生动植物的重要战略。作者考察了保护区在实现其提高农村家庭生活水平这一主要目标方面取得的成就。他们通过提出以下三个问题评估了纳米比亚社区保护区的收益:保护区是否增加了家庭福利?保护区是否有利于贫困人口?保护区的参与者是否比非参与者获得了更多的收益?作者评估的基础是2002年进行的一项覆盖七个保护区和1192个家庭的调查。评估结果表明,社区保护区对家庭福利具有正面影响。这种影响在某些地区是中性的,而在另一些地区则是有利于贫困人口的。另外,保护区带来的收益似乎较平等地分布于参与者家庭与非参与者家庭之间。
在设计针对贫困问题的政策措施时,在总量分解层次上(如按照不同的社会经济群体和不同的地区)关于卫生问题的经验研究可以提供一些有用的信息。利用“人口统计学和卫生普查”的数据,作者分析了低收入国家卫生问题的决定因素,作者既分析对整个国家而言的决定因素,也分别分析了对农村地区和城镇地区的决定因素。关于1990-1999年间60多个低收入国家的“人口统计学和卫生普查”数据揭示了两个值得注意的情况。一是儿童死亡率的水平和不平衡程度之间存在负相关的关系。二是农村地区和城镇地区的儿童死亡率有很大的差距,农村地区人口死亡率的下降速度远远低于城镇地区。由于贫困人口主要集中在农村地区,有证据显示过去几十年推行的卫生政策在帮助贫困人口方面没有到达预期的效果。...