This study develops a measure of firm-level credit constraints by leveraging refinements in survey instruments for a widely used database. Using data on more than 65,000 firms across 109 economies, the...
Informal business activity is ubiquitous around the world, but it is nearly always uncaptured by administrative data, registries, or commercial sources. For this reason, there are rarely adequate sampling...
Several studies in the literature have adopted attitude or perception-based survey questions to evaluate the business environment and its effect on firms. The Enterprise Surveys of the World Bank are not...
Total factor productivity is a key element of economic growth and an important performance metric for policy makers. This note describes the methodology for measuring firm-level total factor productivity...
An expanding body of literature has shown that better management practices can offer significant boosts to firms' productivity; this research illustrates that firms in South America are no exception. Using...
Private investment can be an important engine of economic growth in East African countries, which, despite recent growth rates, are still plagued with adverse economic conditions. Against this backdrop...
The formal private sector in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies needs to play a critical role for the overall economic transformation of the region. Creating a conducive environment for...
The subject of which firms are the key employers—and which of these create or destroy jobs at a faster rate—is eminently important for academics and policy makers. The relative importance of small versus...
Using a unique firm level data set -- the Enterprise Surveys -- this paper develops a new measure of credit-constrained status for firms using hard data instead of perceptions data. The paper classifies...
Using a unique firm level data enterprise surveys the authors develop a new measure of credit constrained status for firms using hard data instead of perceptions data. The authors classify firms into four...
The Financial Crisis Survey monitors the effects of the financial crisis on private enterprises. The second wave of data was collected in February and March 2010 covering 1,892 enterprises in Bulgaria...
The latest data of the Financial Crisis Survey show continued negative sales performance, on average, but the general rate of decline seems to have slowed. Permanent employment remained somewhat depressed...
The Nuestras Rais Program (NR) was created in Honduras in 1995 after massive ethnic demonstrations, in which people protested poor access to basic public services and demanded more access roads (and land...
The Nuestras Rais Program (NR) was created in Honduras in 1995 after massive ethnic demonstrations, in which people protested poor access to basic public services and demanded more access roads (and land...