Sweden’s reform began with a published sketch in 1992 and developed into nonfinancial defined contribution (NDC) legislation in 1994. This paper discusses the underpinnings of the Swedish NDC scheme’s...
Latvia introduced a nonfinancial defined contribution (NDC) scheme in 1996 as it transitioned to a market economy. Despite a 20 percent decline in the working-age population from 1994–2016, the ratio of...
This is the third publication to analyze progress, challenges, and adjustment options of this reform revolution for mandated public pension schemes. The individual account-based but unfunded approach that...
This is the third publication to analyze progress, challenges, and adjustment options of this reform revolution for mandated public pension schemes. The individual account-based but unfunded approach that...
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Pensions and social insurance programs are an integral part of any social protection system. Their dual objectives are to prevent a sharp decline in income and protect against poverty resulting from old...
Pensions and social insurance programs are an integral part of any social protection system. Their dual objectives are to prevent a sharp decline in income and protect against poverty resulting from old...
Far-reaching changes in the regulation of financial markets and the organization of public pensions in the 1980s and 1990s transformed the landscape for retirement products in Sweden. First, banking and...
This document is an evaluation of the World Bank's support in pension reform to Kazakhstan during the period following the break-up of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) in 1991. The major reform work was undertaken...
This document is an evaluation of the World Bank's support in pension reform to Bulgaria since the beginning of the 1990s. The focus of the evaluation is on the reform work performed in conjunction with...
This paper belongs to series of 19 country and regional case studies commissioned as background research for the World Bank's Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) report Pension Reform and the Development...
This paper belongs to series of 19 country and regional case studies commissioned as background research for the World Bank's Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) report Pension Reform and the Development...
This paper summarizes and draws conclusions from the findings of separate country evaluations of the World Bank support in the area of pension reform in countries where the Bank was a lender. The countries...
This paper describes the recent Swedish reform, and available options on major issues within this reform framework. In June 1994, Sweden's Parliament passed legislation replacing the old defined benefit...
In 1995, Latvia became the first country in Central and Eastern Europe to implement parametric reform of the Soviet-style PAYGO pension system, and the first in the world to implement the "notional defined...