This paper examines trade policies in Peru and Argentina since the reforms of the 1990s. Peru provides a valuable example of sustaining reform. Leaders have used negotiations and other international instruments...
Trade reform in Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s was in significant part a reform of policy-making institutions. The institutions that existed when the reforms began had been created in response to...
The binding of tariff rates and adoption of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization-sanctioned safeguards and antidumping mechanisms provided the basis to remove a multitude...
This report, on the regional analytical work, deals specifically with studies on regional economic integration and trade facilitation. There are two reasons for this concentration: 1) the predominance...
Beginning in the late 1980s, Argentina implemented a series of reforms that were revolutionary in speed and scope, including trade liberalization. After the implementation of these policies, a record number...
The footwear case provides an example of the complexities of World Trade Organization (WTO) rules on the use of safeguards, and of the interaction of multilateral and regional processes of liberalization...
Contents: Development news. Toward a pro - poor trade agenda. Trade reform for economic growth and poverty reduction. Mainstreaming trade for poverty alleviation - A Cambodian experience. Farm fallacies...
2001年12月10日,美国商业部对从阿根廷和中国进口的蜂蜜施加了从32.6%至183.8%的高额反倾销税,并对阿根廷实施了5.9%的反补贴税。早在1995年进行的反倾销调查以一个暂停进口“协定”而告终,致使美国削减了从中国进口的30%左右。全世界有数百万养蜂人(大多数是穷人)靠生产蜂蜜生活,而自由和竞争性的世界市场有利于提高他们的生活水平。然而,美国(世界上最大的进口国)所采取的最终模式,即把成功的出口商置于其应急保护措施的羽翼之下,发出了一个明确的信息,即其它国家应该在投资于向美国出口的蜂蜜方面三思而后行。...
在重商主义经济里,在乌拉圭回合中,相对于南方发展中国家而言,北方发达国家是一个大赢家,在实际经济中,北方发达国家是一个更大的赢家。 乌拉圭回合涉及南-北方发达和不发达国家和地区之间的大量讨价还价: 北方发达国家减少了进口壁垒, 特别是有关纺织品和农业的进口壁垒。南方发展中国家在这些领域,如服务和知识产权采用了新的国内监管,这一变化将使从北方发达国家购买的商品增加。在重商主义经济学中, 苹果换苹果,进口对进口。...
This is a statement by Julio J. Nogues at the Board meeting of March 17, 1998 concerning the Country Assistance Strategy for Argentina.
This is a statement by Julio Nogues at the Board meeting of December 18, 1997 concerning the Country Assistance Strategy for Mozambique.
This is a statement by Julio J. Nogues at the Board meeting of November 6, 1997 concerning the Country Assistance Strategy for Colombia.
This is a statement by Julio J. Nogues at the Board meeting of June 12, 1997 concerning the Country Assistance Strategy for Brazil.
This is a statement by Julio J. Nogues at the Board meeting of May 15, 1997 concerning the Country Assistance Strategy for Argentina.
This paper offers a discussion to the question of why there are pressures on developing countries for introducing and/or reinforcing patent protection to pharmaceutical drugs. Patent protection is an important...
The idea behind patent policies is to increase the output of commercially useful innovations by creating a transitory propertyy right that allows the inventor to appropriate part of the returns from his...
This paper develops a framework for analyzing the economic costs and benefits of unilateral and multilateral trade liberalization strategies. The interest in this topic is sparked by the apparent dilemma...
In the early 1980s, faced with a mounting debt crisis, most highly indebted developing countries increased trade barriers to save foreign exchange, but in the last three to four years, they have reversed...
Twenty years ago, it ws believed that export subsidies would produce more diversification and better export performance. This has not happened. In most cases, export subsidies were not supported by more...
The range and number of cases of administered protection in the 1980s suggests that it has begun to play an important role in shaping international trade flows. As most of such cases are brought by the...