1. 理解贫困

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  • Why firms avoid cutting wages : survey evidence from European firms (英语)

    Firms very rarely cut nominal wages, even in the face of considerable negative economic shocks. This paper uses a unique survey of fourteen European countries to ask firms directly about the incidence...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS6976 文件日期: 2014年7月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Du Caju, Philip,Kosma, Theodora,Lawless, Martina,Messina Granovsky,Julian S.,Room, Tairi

  • Evolving wage cyclicality in Latin America (英语)

    A vector autoregression model with time-varying coefficients is used to examine the evolution of wage cyclicality in four Latin American economies: Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico, during the period...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS6978 文件日期: 2014年7月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Gambetti,Luca,Messina Granovsky,Julian S.

  • Latin American entrepreneurs : many firms but little innovation (英语)

    Entrepreneurship is a fundamental driver of growth, development, and job creation. While Latin America and the Caribbean has a wealth of entrepreneurs, firms in the region, compared to those in other regions...

    文件类型: 出版 报告号: 83837 文件日期: 2014年1月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Lederman,Daniel,Messina Granovsky,Julian S.,Pienknagura,Samuel Jaime,Rigolini,Iamele P.

  • Wage rigidity and disinflation in emerging countries (英语)

    This paper examines the consequences of rapid disinflation for downward wage rigidities in two emerging countries, Brazil and Uruguay. Although wage rigidities are altered by disinflation, in neither of...

    文件类型: 日志文章 报告号: 92928 文件日期: 2014年1月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Messina Granovsky,Julian S.,Sanz De Galdeano,Anna Maria

  • Economic mobility and the rise of the Latin American middle class (西班牙语)

    After decades of stagnation, the size of the middle class in Latin America and the Caribbean recently expanded by 50 percent from 103 million people in 2003 to 152 million (or 30 percent of the continent's...

    文件类型: 出版 报告号: 73823 文件日期: 2013年3月13日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Ferreira,Francisco H. G.,Lopez-Calva,Luis-Felipe,Lugo,Maria Ana,Messina Granovsky,Julian S.,Rigolini,Iamele P.,Vakis,Renos

  • Economic mobility and the rise of the Latin American middle class (英语)

    After decades of stagnation, the size of the middle class in Latin America and the Caribbean recently expanded by 50 percent from 103 million people in 2003 to 152 million (or 30 percent of the continent's...

    文件类型: 出版 报告号: 73823 文件日期: 2012年11月21日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Ferreira,Francisco H. G.,Lopez-Calva,Luis-Felipe,Lugo,Maria Ana,Messina Granovsky,Julian S.,Rigolini,Iamele P.,Vakis,Renos

  • Wage rigidity and disinflation in emerging countries (英语)

    This paper examines the consequences of rapid disinflation for downward wage rigidities in two emerging countries, Brazil and Uruguay, relying on high quality matched employer-employee administrative data...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS5863 文件日期: 2011年10月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Messina Granovsky,Julian S.,Sanz De Galdeano,Anna Maria

  • Downward nominal and real wage rigidity : survey evidence from European firms (英语)

    It has been well established that the wages of individual workers react little, especially downwards, to shocks that hit their employer. This paper presents new evidence from a unique survey of firms across...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS5159 文件日期: 2009年12月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Babecky, Jan,Caju, Philip Du,Kosma, Theodora,Lawless, Martina,Messina Granovsky,Julian S.,Room, Tairi

  • The margins of labor cost adjustment : survey evidence from European firms (英语)

    Firms have multiple options at the time of adjusting their wage bills. However, previous literature has mainly focused on base wages. This paper broadens the analysis beyond downward rigidity in base wages...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS5160 文件日期: 2009年12月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Babecky, Jan,Caju, Philip Du,Kosma, Theodora,Lawless, Martina,Messina Granovsky,Julian S.,Room, Tairi