Policy makers around the world recognize the potentially harmful consequences of trademark counterfeiting and copyright piracy. Indeed, many countries have recently initiated policy reforms to strengthen...
The World Bank Research Observer is intended for anyone who has a professional interest in development. Observer articles are written to be accessible to non specialist readers; contributors examine key...
Policy makers around the world recognize the potentially harmful consequences of trademark counterfeiting and copyright piracy. Indeed, many countries have recently initiated policy reforms to strengthen...
Promoting quality health services to large population segments is a key ingredient to human and economic development. At its core, healthcare policymaking involves complex tradeoffs between promoting equitable...
An important question in the design of bilateral and regional free trade agreements (FTAs) covering services is to what extent nonmembers benefit from the trade preferences that are negotiated among members...
Over the past few years, the United States has pursued an increasing number of bilateral and regional free trade agreements (FTAs) in different parts of the world. This has marked a considerable shift...
One of the most significant developments of the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations (1986-94) was the inclusion of intellectual property rights (IPRs) issues on the agenda of the multilateral trading system...
One of the most significant developments of the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations (1986-94) was the inclusion of intellectual property rights (IPRs) issues on the agenda of the multilateral trading system...
经济学家们早就认识到,较富裕国家相互之间的贸易多于它们与贫困国家之间的贸易,其原因是出口商的供应结构能够更好地满足进口商的偏好。在文献中,人们传统上认为供应和需求之间的紧密关系是由产品质量决定的,正如所谓的Linder假定所证明的那样。本文考查了扩大的Linder假定,其方法是同时考查横向产品差别程度,把它看作是供应和需求之间紧密关系的决定性因素。在这项经验性研究中,作者用国际商标注册信息测试了较富裕国家的进口是否较多地来自出口产品质量较高且产品差别程度较高的国家的出口商。研究结果表明,这项假设在大多数消费品部门都是正确的,而在中间产品部门则不然。
Recent negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO) on patents and public health have sought to im-plement the work program agreed in Doha in 2001 on improving access to generic drugs for poor countries...
Maritime transport costs significantly impede international trade. This article examines why these costs are so high in some countries and quantifies the importance of two explanations: restrictive trade...
Eliminating excessive tariffs on exports of least developed countries; by Bernard Hoekman, Francis Ng, and Marcelo Olarreaga. Imported machinery for export competitiveness; by Ashoka Mody and Kamil Yilmaz...
发展中国家加强专利权保护对跨国公司在这些国家的行为以及跨国公司对它们的做法有什么影响?保护以前可以自由仿造的产品的专利权对市场结构和消费者福利有什么影响?研究型跨国公司会不会投入更多的资源来开发发展中国家所需要的技术? 为了回答加强专利权保护对印度的药品工业会发生什么影响的问题,Fink模拟了引进此类保护(世界贸易组织《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》(TRIPs)所要求的)对市场结构和静态消费者福利的影响。(印度必须在2005年之前修改其目前的专利权体制,同时建立过渡体制。)...
International equity offerings are now a well-established privatization route for telecommunications companies - in addition to local offerings and sale to a strategic partner. However, while many governments...
The restructuring and privatization of the U.K. electricity supply - was it worth it? by David M. Newbery and Michael G. Pollitt. A retrospective on the Mexican toll road program (1989-94), by Jeff Ruster...
The authors look at the rise of the Internet as the main application behind the emerging global information infrastructure. Many now believe that the Internet provides a window into a future in which access...