This paper is organized in following headings: can we trust shoestring evaluations?; evaluation of development programs: randomized controlled trials or regressions?; effects of Colombia’s social protection...
In response to the problems of high coordination costs among the poor, efforts are underway in many countries to organize the poor through self-help groups (SHGs) - membership - based organizations that...
In response to the problems of high coordination costs among the poor, efforts are underway in many countries to organize the poor through "self-help groups" (SHGs) -- membership-based organizations that...
Moldova has suffered over the last two decades from rising poverty, territorial secession, armed conflict, and the spillover effects of a regional financial crisis, with declining population size and life...
Azerbaijan is a secular, majority-Shiite, oil and gas-rich country whose per-capita income quadrupled in real terms during the period 2004-10. While rising incomes have reduced poverty, steps towards a...
Cambodia is one of the world's most open economies, sustaining high levels of growth in an environment of relatively weak governance. Emerging from a legacy of genocide and civil conflict, the country...
Russian economy has been growing at an average nominal rate of 6 percent annually for the past decade. Among the most important factors contributing to its expansion has been the skyrocketing cost of oil...
Russia has joined the club of rapidly growing economies, driven by rising prices for oil and gas. Russian authorities are concerned about sustaining this economic performance, however. Thus they have sought...
The Russian economy has been growing at a nominal rate of 6 percent annually for the past several years. Nonetheless, the Russian government, concerned about the sustainability of this economic performance...
Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from micro-enterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability...
Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from micro-enterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability...
Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from micro-enterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability...
Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from micro-enterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability...
Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from micro-enterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability...
Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from micro-enterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability...
Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from micro-enterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability...
Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from micro-enterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability...
作为现代联邦中财政联邦制的基础,州财政自主权有两个作用。第一,它通过地方对税收的控制来限制中央政府任意对地方资本征税。第二,它通过地方税收留成来激励州政府推动地方经济增长,以扩大地方税基。然而,俄联邦享有财政自主权的地区往往抵制以市场为取向的改革,抵制实施保护私有财产的规定,并抵制取缔价格控制和贸易壁垒。Desai,Freinkman和Goldberg发现有统计学证据支持这样一种假设,即俄国各地区的财政积极性是造成地区经济运行状况的重要决定因素。作者还试图了解财政自主权推动地区增长和恢复的条件,以及它产生负面经济影响的条件。他们认为,“分外”收入流的存在(尤其是来自自然资源生产或来自中央政府预算转移的收入)使依赖这种收入来源的地区成为“食利”地区。作为食利者,这些地区的政府利用当地对收入和支出的控制来保护某些企业(自然资源生产企业或亏损企业)不受市场力量的影响。作者用80个俄国地区1996年至1999年间的新的财政数据,在单一和联立方程中测试了这一重要假设。结果表明,税收留成(财政自主权的参数)对恢复各地区自苏联解体以来的累积产出具有正面影响。但他们还发现,这一影响随着流入各地区的可食利性收入流的增加而减少。
Counting the world's poor: problems and possible solutions; by Angus Deaton. Comments on "counting the world's poor"; by Martin Ravallion, and T. N. Srinivasan. Ecology, history, and development : a perspective...
Russia and other countries in the commonwealth of independent states that have implemented voucher privatization programs have to account for the puzzling behavior of insiders manager-owners-who, in stripping...