The World Bank Group (WBG) is strengthening its partnerships with upper-middle-income countries and high-income countries to leverage private and public finance, and to create knowledge and new solutions...
State and local debt and debt of quasi-public agencies have grown in importance. Three structural trends have contributed to the rising share of subnational finance, including subnational debt, as a share...
This paper analyzes the impacts of selected trade facilitation measures on international trade flows. A gravity model is used to estimate four equations: a pooled cross-section model; a fixed-effects model;...
Although Brazil has become one of the largest economies in the world, it remains among the most closed economies as measured by the share of exports and imports in gross domestic product. This feature...
Over the last few years, Brazil's growth has significantly decelerated. Accompanying this slowdown, a change in commentary on Brazil's economic future has emerged, and is reflected in a recent ratings...
Some analysts believe that the commodity price boom of the new millennium has played itself out. However, natural resource based commodity prices (with the exception of shale gas and its downward pressure...
Emerging market economies (EMEs) are making important strides in developing long-term finance capital market vehicles to support investment in strategic areas such as infrastructure. However, since last...
In the aftermath of the recent global financial crisis, advanced economies have continued to experience sluggish growth. Is this slow post crisis growth the result of a policy response that was overly...
After experiencing an initial period of rapid growth, many developing countries have fallen into the middle-income 'trap', stuck between low-wage, low-technology markets and high-income, innovation-based...
This paper studies interactions between access to finance, product innovation, and labor supply in a two-period overlapping generations model with an endogenous skill distribution and credit market frictions...
The World Bank Research Observer is intended for anyone who has a professional interest in development. Observer articles are written to be accessible to nonspecialist readers; contributors examine key...
An orderly sovereign debt restructuring should place the debtor nation’s public debt on a sustainable trajectory while minimizing procrastination and contagion. However, the experiences with the debt crisis...
The 2008 financial crisis has emphasized the importance of macro financial linkages. In the financial sector, attention is now focusing on macro prudential regulations that are geared toward the stability...
The global financial crisis and shrinking aid flows have led to decreased availability of long-term debt finance for Least Developed Countries (LDCs), particularly for infrastructure. On the other hand...
State and local debt and the debt of quasi-public agencies have grown in importance as a result of fiscal decentralization, rapid urbanization, and the increasing role played by private capital. However...
Brazilian exports of goods and services have grown sharply in recent years, with sales nearly three times higher in 2010 than in 2000. However, Brazil faces considerable competitiveness challenges: its...
This note examines in detail Brazil’s export performance over the past 15 years, focusing not only on growth and composition, but also on different performance dimensions, including diversification, sophistication...
The 2008 financial crisis has highlighted the challenges associated with global financial integration and emphasized the importance of macro financial linkages. In the financial sector, attention is being...
This paper studies the long-run impact of policies aimed at fostering gender equality on economic growth in Brazil. The first part provides a brief review of gender issues in the country. The second part...
Confidence in combining inflation-targeting-cum-flexible-exchange-rate regimes with isolated microprudential regulation as a means to guarantee both macroeconomic and financial stability has been shattered...