1. 理解贫困

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  • Economic integration in Eastern Europe (英语)

    The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) was established by Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Soviet Union in 1948 as a response to the Marshall Plan. But unlike the Marshall...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS636 文件日期: 1991年3月31日 披露方式: 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • Trends in developing country exports, 1963-88 (英语)

    Certain experts have expressed the view that developed country imports from developing countries have a tendency to increase less rapidly than their gross domestic product. Additionally, the view has been...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS634 文件日期: 1991年3月31日 披露方式: 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • Perestroyka and its implications for European socialist countries (英语)

    Perestroyka, introduced in the Soviet Union to reform the economy after the "period of stagnation" under Brezhnev, involves combining centralized planning with elements of a market economy. For it to succeed...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS428 文件日期: 1990年5月31日 披露方式: 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • EMENA manufactured exports and EEC trade policy (英语)

    This paper examines the implications for EMENA of EEC trade policy. Following an analysis of EEC trade agreements with EMENA countries, the paper has shown that EMENA's trade performance in the EEC has...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS282 文件日期: 1989年9月30日 披露方式: 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • The effects of interest rates on savings in developing countries (英语)

    This paper provides evidence on the effects of interest rates on savings in developing countries. While the evidence is not conclusive, time-series estimates for individual countries as well as cross-section...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS56 文件日期: 1989年9月30日 披露方式: 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • U.S. trade policy towards developing countries (英语)

    The United States has often been criticized for protectionist measures taken against developing country products. Yet, average agricultural protection has reemained practically nil in the U.S. over time...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS151 文件日期: 1989年1月31日 披露方式: 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • Reflections on perestroyka and the foreign economic ties of the USSR (英语)

    The exploitation of the Soviet Union's foreign trade potential would necessitate adopting a realistic exchange rate and increasing the foreign exchange retention quotas for direct and indirect exporters...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS149 文件日期: 1989年1月31日 披露方式: 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • A conceptual framework for adjustment policies (英语)

    This paper begins by examining the existing conceptual framework for stabilization policies and inquires into the question as to an appropriate framework for adjustment policies. Next, the instruments...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS139 文件日期: 1989年1月31日 披露方式: 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • Quantitative appraisal of adjustment lending (英语)

    This paper presents a quantitative analysis of adjustment programs in developing countries that received adjustment loans from the World Bank. Data have been provided for loan recipients and non-recipients...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS79 文件日期: 1988年8月31日 披露方式: 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • Temporary windfalls and compensation arrangements (英语)

    Sharp fluctuations in the export prices of a major staple commodity can have jarring effects on economic activity. To reduce these undesirable effects and at the same time, increase the government's share...

    文件类型: 政策研究报告 报告号: WPS28 文件日期: 1988年6月30日 披露方式: 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • Public enterprises in developing countries : issues of privatization (英语)

    This paper examines the reasons for the shift towards the privatization of public enterprises in developing countries and the conditions under which privatization will bring the desired results. It is...

    文件类型: 部门工作文件 报告号: DRD292 文件日期: 1987年5月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • Effects of exchange rate changes in developing countries (英语)

    This paper sets out to examine the economic effects of exchange rate changes in developing countries by the use of alternative definitions of the real exchange rate. The evidence presented in the paper...

    文件类型: 部门工作文件 报告号: DRD291 文件日期: 1987年5月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • Economic incentives and agricultural exports in developing countries (英语)

    The findings of this paper indicate that exports in general, and agricultural exports in particular, strongly respond to price incentives. This conclusion has been established by an econometric analysis...

    文件类型: 部门工作文件 报告号: DRD250 文件日期: 1987年2月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • The interaction of domestic distortions with development strategies (英语)

    This paper provides evidence on the unfavorable effects factor market distortions have on the efficiency of resource allocation and on employment in developing countries. It further shows that the policy...

    文件类型: 部门工作文件 报告号: DRD249 文件日期: 1987年2月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • The importance of trade for developing countries (英语)

    This paper indicates the benefits developing countries may derive through international trade. It reviews recent trends in world trade in major product groups; analyzes the economic performance of developing...

    文件类型: 部门工作文件 报告号: DRD248 文件日期: 1987年2月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • Intra-industry trade among exporters of manufactured goods (英语)

    This paper examines the determinants of intra-industry specialisation in manufactured goods in bilateral trade among countries whose manufactured exports exceeded $300 million and accounted for at least...

    文件类型: 日志文章 报告号: REP404 文件日期: 1987年1月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • Next steps in the Hungarian economic reform (英语)

    Following a review of the macroeconomic situation, this paper makes recommendations for the efficient promotion of exports in Hungary. It further reviews the conditions existing in factor markets and suggests...

    文件类型: 部门工作文件 报告号: DRD254 文件日期: 1986年12月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • Economic prospects and policies in Mexico (英语)

    This paper was originally presented at the Conference on "Industrial Organization, Trade and Investment in North America: U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico," held in Merida, Mexico on December 16-18, 1985. It...

    文件类型: 部门工作文件 报告号: DRD178 文件日期: 1986年5月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Balassa,Bela

  • China's economic reforms in a comparative perspective (英语)

    The paper makes recommendations for simultaneously establishing macroeconomic equilibrium and extending the reform effort in China. As to the latter, recommendations are made: (a) for increasing the decision-making...

    文件类型: 部门工作文件 报告号: DRD177 文件日期: 1986年4月1日 披露方式: Disclosed 作者: Balassa,Bela