Power pools constitute a set of sometimes complex institutional arrangements for efficiency-enhancing coordination among power systems. Where such institutional arrangements do not exist, there still can be scope for voluntary electricity-sharing agreements among power systems.
... 更多显示 This paper uses a particular type of efficient risk-sharing model with limited commitment to demonstrate that second-best coordination improvements can be achieved with low to moderate risks of participants leaving the agreement. In the absence of an impartial market operator who can observe fluctuations in connected power systems, establishing quasi-markets for trading excess electricity through the kind of mechanism described here helps achieve sustainable cooperation in mutually beneficial electricity sharing.
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This report analyzes the current status of Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) technology deployment in developing countries and investigates the success factors in countries where WHR has become widely spread.
... 更多显示 The report then focuses on the in-depth analysis of WHR potential and enabling factors in eleven country markets in Africa (Nigeria, South Africa), South Asia (India, Pakistan), Middle East (Egypt, Turkey), Latin America (Brazil, Mexico) and East Asia (Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam). The report maps out major WHR equipment suppliers. In addition, the report includes a brief analysis of business and project models used internationally to support WHR deployment.
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185,000 people without electricity in the Mindanao region of the Philippines will gain access to electricity for the first time, a direct result of a power supply agreement with the Coastal Power Development Corporation.
... 更多显示 Under advisement from the IFC, the government of the Philippines has decided to introduce private sector participation in power generation in order to lower costs, increase reliability, and provide power to islands without connection to the main power grid. Beginning in 2010 the Costal Power Development Corporation will supply 11.8 megawatts to the Basilan Electric Cooperative. Projected savings for the government is PHP 50 million per year under the new plan.
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This note provides an introduction to the issues surrounding the design of Power Purchase Agreement's (PPAs). Programs to attract investment in small-scale electricity generation, often powered by renewable energy sources, have become increasingly common in the developing world as governments seek to both expand access to electricity and improve sustainability.
... 更多显示 A valuable tool for such programs is a well-crafted, standardized power purchase agreement, which can reduce transaction costs for generators and government agencies alike and substantially improve the economics of small generation facilities. This note discusses key considerations in designing a standardized agreement for a small power producer program. The technologies exist to mobilize small-scale and renewable power generation in developing countries, where power demand is increasing most rapidly. Well-designed small power producer programs, with balanced and standardized PPAs, can leverage financing and support efficient, cost-effective private investment in small scale power generation.
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On four remote islands in the Philippines, small power projects are making a big difference in people's lives. International Finance Corporation (IFC) helped the Government attract private investment in off-grid power generation, which will provide reliable and cheaper electricity to hundreds of thousands of people.
... 更多显示 The agreements were signed September 2005 and May 2007.
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On four remote islands in the Philippines, small power projects are making a big difference in people's lives. International Finance Corporation (IFC) helped the Government attract private investment in off-grid power generation, which will provide reliable and cheaper electricity to hundreds of thousands of people.
... 更多显示 The agreements were signed September 2005 and May 2007.
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On four remote islands in the Philippines, small power projects are making a big difference in people's lives. International Finance Corporation (IFC) helped the Government attract private investment in off-grid power generation, which will provide reliable and cheaper electricity to hundreds of thousands of people.
... 更多显示 The agreements were signed September 2005 and May 2007.
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On four remote islands in the Philippines, small power projects are making a big difference in people's lives. International Finance Corporation (IFC) helped the Government attract private investment in off-grid power generation, which will provide reliable and cheaper electricity to hundreds of thousands of people.
... 更多显示 The agreements were signed September 2005 and May 2007.
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This environmental management plan of the Additional Financing for the Second Transmission and Distribution Project for Vietnam identifies potential environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them.
... 更多显示 Negative measures include: identified risks derive from plane clearance, building an access road from the highway to the substation, air pollution from vehicle exhaust, uncovered vehicles transporting dusty materials, construction noise, electrical and electromagnetic transmission, wastewater, risk of fire and explosion, and solid waste. Mitigation measures include: i) damping down dust and covering vehicles; ii) providing compensation for asset loss; iii) ensuring that vehicles have internal combustion engines and operating licenses; iv) scheduling construction, notifying locals if construction is needed at night; v) ensuring electrical equipment complies with national or international standards; vi) treating wastewater; vii) installing fire prevention equipment; viii) installing drainage systems; and ix) collecting and transporting water to city disposal sites.
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The development objective of the Power Sector Guarantees Project for Nigeria is to contribute to alleviating the power supply deficit by creating a conducive environment for private sector to invest in and operate power generation companies and sell power to the state-owned bulk trader.
... 更多显示 Negative impacts include: air quality, noise pollution, soil erosion, water pollution, waste, and safety. Mitigation measures include: 1) spray surfaces prior to excavation and clearing, apply liquid asphalt and use binder materials for exposed surfaces and fit dust suppression/extraction to equipment; 2) cover trucks transporting spoil and waste; 3) all vehicles to be regularly maintained; 4) develop detailed noise control plan, use temporary noise barriers and use 'low noise' equipment; 5) train construction staff on noise control plan during health and safety briefings; 6) develop and implement of a waste management plan; 7) use oil/water separators and silt traps; 8) adequate sewage collection and treatment; and 9) adequate sewage collection and treatment. Each volume of this report has different authorship: Environmental Resources Management (ERM) is the author of volumes 1 and 2, ExxonMobil of volume 3, and the Transmission Company of Nigeria of volume 4.
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环境评价 E2988 2012年11月1日
Chevron Nigeria Limited; Transmission Company of Nigeria; Environmental Resources Management; ExxonMobil
The regulatory framework in many Asian developing countries has been reformed to promote private sector investments in power generation. Asian developing countries that have decided to restructure the power sector include the People's Republic of China; India; Indonesia; Republic of South Korea; Malaysia; Pakistan; Philippines; Singapore; Taipei, China; and Thailand.
... 更多显示 In early 2002, Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF) funded a study designed to develop a framework for financing merchant power plants in developing countries. The study defined a merchant power plant as a power plant owned or controlled by the private sector that is free to negotiate the basis for selling its output to willing buyers. Likewise, the debt servicing is not directly or indirectly guaranteed by any government or non-commercial arrangement. The activity established a broad understanding of the merchant power plant model. For power sector restructuring to be successful and for competitive electricity markets to be efficient, a proper understanding of the merchant power plant model is necessary among policymakers, regulators, and lenders.
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This report examines the power sector implications of the Resource Corridor Development (RCD) proposal. The mining developments that form the core of the RCD are not just potential consumers of power, but also a potential source of power for Afghanistan, since the large generation projects necessary to serve the extraction and processing of ores can readily be sized to meet more than just the mining project demand.
... 更多显示 Significant deposits of coal and reservoirs of gas make such generation possible. This has potentially important impacts not just on the generation expansion plan, but also on the configuration of the transmission system. In particular it represents an opportunity to integrate with and thereby diversify Afghanistan's power supply mix, which over the past few years has become heavily dependent on imports from the Central Asian states (notably Uzbekistan), as well as from Iran (to serve the demand in the Herat area). The main recommendation of this report is to forgo at this time the proposal to duplicate the existing 220 kilovolt (kV) line from Pul-e-Khumri to Kabul (via the Salang pass). There should be provision in the design of the 220 kV north-south line for supplying power to the iron ore mine near Bamyan, and interconnecting other potential coal fired stations in the area in the future. This paper is structured as follows: chapter one gives introduction; chapter two focuses on Afghanistan's power sector; chapter three evaluates the future supply options; chapter four deals with transmission system expansion; chapter five gives the carbon footprint; chapter six gives regulatory and institutional requirements; and chapter seven gives conclusions and recommendations.
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This report examines the power sector implications of the Resource Corridor Development (RCD) proposal. The mining developments that form the core of the RCD are not just potential consumers of power, but also a potential source of power for Afghanistan, since the large generation projects necessary to serve the extraction and processing of ores can readily be sized to meet more than just the mining project demand.
... 更多显示 Significant deposits of coal and reservoirs of gas make such generation possible. This has potentially important impacts not just on the generation expansion plan, but also on the configuration of the transmission system. In particular it represents an opportunity to integrate with and thereby diversify Afghanistan's power supply mix, which over the past few years has become heavily dependent on imports from the Central Asian states (notably Uzbekistan), as well as from Iran (to serve the demand in the Herat area). The main recommendation of this report is to forgo at this time the proposal to duplicate the existing 220 kilovolt (kV) line from Pul-e-Khumri to Kabul (via the Salang pass). There should be provision in the design of the 220 kV north-south line for supplying power to the iron ore mine near Bamyan, and interconnecting other potential coal fired stations in the area in the future. This paper is structured as follows: chapter one gives introduction; chapter two focuses on Afghanistan's power sector; chapter three evaluates the future supply options; chapter four deals with transmission system expansion; chapter five gives the carbon footprint; chapter six gives regulatory and institutional requirements; and chapter seven gives conclusions and recommendations.
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The Executive Directors approved an additional credit in the amount of SDR 64.5 million (US$100 million equivalent), a US$200 million guarantee operation for an additional series of Development Association (IDA) partial risk guarantees, and a project restructuring for the Electricity and Gas Improvement Project for the Federal Republic of Nigeria on the payment terms and conditions set out in the President's Memorandum.
... 更多显示 Directors also approved a waiver of Operational Policy 14.25. Directors supported the Government's efforts to reform the power sector by securing long term gas supplies and by providing investment funding to realize tangible benefits for consumers, including improved quality and reliability of electricity supply, particularly for the most vulnerable. The need to relieve remaining capacity bottlenecks was highlighted, particularly in the transmission and distribution systems required to deliver the increased power generation and improved electricity services. Directors noted implementation risks and the related governance challenges and underscored the importance of capacity building to support the government's long term agenda. Directors stressed the importance of private sector participation in promoting power sector development. They also reiterated the need for continued dialogue with the Government and collaboration with other donors to assure timely and successful completion of the project and achievement of the project development objectives.
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Developing countries face multiple and complex challenges in securing affordable and reliable energy supplies to support sustainable economic development.
... 更多显示 These challenges can be addressed by increased access to modern energy infrastructure, enhanced energy security through supply diversification, and transition to low carbon paths to meet rising energy demands. There is broad consensus that renewable energy has a major role to play in addressing these challenges. In recent years, support for renewable energy investment has become a mainstream activity for multilateral development banks and their clients. The World Bank, for instance, has supported geothermal development in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America. Global analytical work and technical assistance on clean energy are also one of the major program areas of the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). This handbook is dedicated to geothermal energy as a source of electric power for developing countries. Many developing countries are endowed with substantial geothermal resources that could be more actively put to use. On top of the benefits stemming from its renewable nature, geothermal energy has several additional advantages, including the provision of stable and reliable power at a relatively low cost, around the clock, and with few operational or technological risks.
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